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Research Institutions

Latest research findings, studies and research developments.

The why behind sex
Research Institutions

The why behind sex

Research details answer to a question that’s more complex than it seems

📅 2026-08-19 20:47:46    •    Harvard Gazette
UK politicians think public opposition to climate policy is far greater than it is, study finds
Research Institutions

UK politicians think public opposition to climate policy is far greater than it is, study finds

UK politicians think public opposition to climate policy is far greater than it is, study finds Fred Lewsey Wed, 08/19/2026 - 09:50 Members of Parliament from the UK’s three biggest political parties in the House of Commons significantly overestimate levels of public resistance to major policy proposals for tackling climate change, a University of Cambridge study suggests. Researchers say it may be the first data-led evidence for a ‘spiral of silence’ in Westminster, where skewed perceptions of public sentiment among politicians can reduce political support for a policy.The study’s authors, from the University’s El-Erian Institute of Behavioural Economics and Policy and the Cambridge Political Psychology Lab, surveyed one hundred sitting MPs in early 2025 on how they think voters and other parliamentarians feel about carbon reduction policies, and compared their estimates with public polling from earlier that year.*On making grants or loans for improved insulation available to all households with an energy efficiency rating of C or below, MPs collectively estimated public opposition to the policy at around 18%, more than three times the actual level of just 6%.When asked about rejigging tax on products so that it varies according to environmental damage, MPs believed public opposition to be around 38%, almost double the 20% shown by polling the British people.“MPs across parties who both support and oppose climate policies consistently overestimate public opposition,” said study lead author Dr Lisa-Maria Tanase, who conducted the work for her PhD at Cambridge. “This is likely to limit the range of what they consider to be politically feasible options for taking action on climate change.”“Our findings cannot be explained away by wishful thinking of politicians or the projecting of their own worldview. On average, even MPs who support a climate policy think the public is more opposed to it than it really is,” said Tanase.“Politicians, like all of us, are often exposed to information environments that distort perceptions of public opinion. Social and traditional media can disproportionately reflect particularly vocal segments of society rather than the full distribution of opinion.”“We find a ‘funhouse mirror’ effect through which politicians see a distorted version of the public position on carbon reduction policies, associated with a lower willingness to promote these ideas,” said Tanase, now a Postdoctoral Research Associate at Cambridge’s El-Erian Institute of Behavioural Economics and Policy.False polarisationMPs also believed the UK electorate to be far more politically polarised over carbon reduction – or ‘net zero’ – policies than it is, according to the study published in the journal Communications Sustainability. Polling showed a 12-percentage point difference in support for the insulation and product tax policies between Labour and Conservative voters, but MPs estimated it at more than double that, at around 25 percentage points.MPs predicted the difference between Lib Dem and Conservative voters on climate policies at 30 percentage points, when polling put it at just 14 points. Even the small two-point difference between Labour and Lib Dem voters was estimated at nearly five points by politicians. “A number of previous studies show that exaggerated perceptions of polarisation can reduce the willingness of politicians to engage in cross-party dialogue,” said Tanase.This ‘false polarisation’ was most evident for Conservative voters, who MPs considered to be far more sceptical of these climate policies than polling suggested.MPs overestimated the divide by about fivefold, believing Conservatives were on average 12.6 percentage points less supportive than the general public, when polling showed it to be just 2.5 percentage points.“Environmentally supportive Conservative voters may end up feeling misrepresented if politicians consistently exaggerate how different their attitudes are from those of other voters,” Tanase said.Spiral of silenceIn fact, how MPs perceived public support for a green product tax predicted their willingness to advocate for it, even after accounting for each MP’s personal belief in the policy, the study found. Parliamentarians who thought support among the electorate was lower were, on average, less willing to speak up for the tax in public.Researchers also asked MPs to estimate how many other parliamentarians would back a green product tax. Again, believing it to have less support among colleagues across parties correlated, on average, with MPs saying they would be less willing to champion it in Westminster, regardless of whether they personally support the policy.Tanase says the study provides some evidence of a “spiral of silence” among MPs, as perceptions of low support among the electorate or Parliament reduces their willingness to speak up for a policy – even if it’s one they support. This suppressive effect is policy-dependent, as it wasn’t detected for insulation subsidies.** Researchers found that parliamentarians not only overestimated opposition, but also markedly underestimated public support for the climate policies.MPs underestimated public backing for an environmental product tax by 14.9 percentage points and underestimated support for the energy efficiency policy by 7.1 percentage points. Overall, MPs underestimated public support for these climate policies by about 11 percentage points on average.However, the study suggests MPs’ beliefs about public opposition to climate policies are more influential. “Overestimating opposition is likely to generate greater political risk aversion than assuming the public is merely ambivalent,” Tanase said.The researchers found all these misperceptions to be so potent that when they randomly assigned half the MPs to receive public polling results, then asked them to estimate support for another set of climate policies, it barely moved the dial in reducing inaccurate estimations.“Our study found a systematic pessimism about the public appetite for climate action among the UK’s most influential decision-makers, and evidence that it affects their intended behaviour on climate action,” added Tanase.“This may be contributing to a silencing effect in Parliament around one of the defining policy challenges of the 21st century.” * The surveying of sitting MPs took place during December 2024 and January 2025. The public polling benchmark was a nationally representative survey of 4,201 UK adults conducted by Ipsos UK between 18 and 24 April 2024. The polling asked people about the specific policies outlined in the study, such as the home insulation policy and green product tax.** The study’s authors write that: "No significant silencing effect was found for the energy efficiency subsidy policy, likely due to the broader expected popularity and relative lack of controversy of subsidy policies compared to tax-based measures."The sample of MPs in the study consisted of sitting Labour (80), Conservative (16) and Liberal Democrat (4) parliamentarians. While it approaches representing the current composition of the Commons, there is an overrepresentation of Labour MPs and an underrepresentation of Liberal Democrat MPs. Our study found a systematic pessimism about the public appetite for climate action among the UK’s most influential decision-makers Lisa-Maria Tanase Getty images Houses of Parliament, Victoria Tower gardens in London, UK Yes

📅 2026-08-19 08:50:53    •    Cambridge News
Screening newborns for cancer risk
Research Institutions

Screening newborns for cancer risk

Blood samples routinely collected at birth could be used for genetic testing, potentially helping 1,000 children a year, study suggests

📅 2026-08-18 14:42:49    •    Harvard Gazette
Operation Blue Skies takes off: landmark trial to test AI-driven contrail avoidance
Research Institutions

Operation Blue Skies takes off: landmark trial to test AI-driven contrail avoidance

Operation Blue Skies takes off: landmark trial to test AI-driven contrail avoidance Sarah Collins Tue, 08/18/2026 - 15:29 Backed by the UK Government, 'Operation Blue Skies' brings together partners, including the University of Cambridge, to evaluate AI-driven flight path adjustments across North Atlantic airspace.Operation Blue Skies is a £5 million, 30-month programme, partly funded by £2.65 million from the Department for Transport. It includes two operational trials to be conducted during the winter months across NATS-controlled Shanwick oceanic airspace, the eastern half of the North Atlantic corridor. The programme will evaluate the operational feasibility and environmental benefits of adjusting commercial flights’ altitude to avoid the atmospheric conditions that contribute to the formation of persistent, warming contrails.Contrails form when water vapour in jet-engine exhaust condenses and freezes around soot particles and other aerosols in the cold, humid air of the upper atmosphere. Persistent warming contrails trap outgoing heat, accounting for roughly one-third of aviation's total climate impact.Atmospheric modelling shows that the Shanwick airspace accounts for approximately 5% of global contrail warming. A significant part of this warming is concentrated in the winter season between November and February. Operation Blue Skies will target this specific high-impact window by using AI models to identify where and when interventions have the greatest potential to reduce contrail-related climate impact.The trials will focus on minor altitude adjustments within standard flight operations, coordinated through established and standard Air Traffic Control (ATC) communication channels. Trial manoeuvres will take place primarily during winter testing windows in 2026-2027 and 2027-2028, with approximately 20 to 40 test days per winter. Testing will be conducted during periods of lower air traffic.In addition to the University of Cambridge, the Operation Blue Skies consortium includes Google, the Department for Transport, the Met Office, NATS, Contrails.org, and Imperial College London.The Cambridge and Imperial researchers will be evaluating trial outcomes and providing independent verification of climate impact.“Contrail avoidance could drastically reduce the global climate impact of aviation, at minimal cost to passengers and companies,” said Professor Steven Barrett, Regius Professor of Engineering at the University of Cambridge. “Operation Blue Skies is a big step forward in this process, as it will test the ability of the UK to reduce contrail coverage at an airspace-wide scale and in a real-world setting. It’s an exciting step in building a more sustainable aviation industry.”The trial sits alongside major UK Government investments in aviation decarbonisation projects, including £219 million to boost homegrown green fuel production to cut emissions from flying while boosting growth and creating green jobs.“This is a world-first, and it's British ingenuity leading the way,” said Keir Mather, Minister for Aviation, Maritime and Freight. “By testing small tweaks to flight paths over the Atlantic, we can cut the vapour trails left behind by planes. From £219 million for home-grown sustainable fuel to zero-emission aircraft, we're backing innovation to make UK aviation cleaner, support thousands of skilled jobs, and drive growth in the sector.”The Operation Blue Skies programme is co-funded by its industry partners and the Department for Transport (DfT) through the ATI Programme, a partnership between the Aerospace Technology Institute (ATI), the Department for Business, Innovation, Science and Trade (BIST) and Innovate UK. To ensure public funding directly advances sovereign scientific capabilities, 100% of the government grant funding is allocated directly to academic, non-profit, and aviation partners.Google UK is contributing £1.4 million in-kind through AI research expertise, engineering time, and high-performance computing infrastructure to advance open climate science. Contrails.org is working alongside the consortium partners to connect the scientific and operational pieces of the trial — assessing and integrating forecasts, shaping trial parameters and supporting data analysis so Operation Blue Skies can test whether contrail avoidance is safe, measurable and practical across oceanic airspace.“Contrail avoidance has reached a pivotal moment,” said Kemal Armada, Product Manager at Google. “The question is no longer whether we can mitigate contrails, but whether we can make that mitigation work at the scale of the global aviation system. This trial is an important step toward making that a reality, while demonstrating the strength of British research and innovation in developing practical solutions to one of aviation’s most important climate challenges.”Steven Barrett is a Fellow of Gonville & Caius College, Cambridge. oversnap via Getty Images Jet passing in front of the moon Yes

📅 2026-08-18 14:29:17    •    Cambridge News
How 35 percent of US employees are left on the margins
Research Institutions

How 35 percent of US employees are left on the margins

In a new book, Paul Osterman details his research finding more than one-third of the country’s workers are “disposable,” with little security or chance of job advancement.

📅 2026-08-18 04:00:00    •    MIT News
Tiny satellite will use the dark side of the Moon to eavesdrop on whispers from the early universe
Research Institutions

Tiny satellite will use the dark side of the Moon to eavesdrop on whispers from the early universe

Tiny satellite will use the dark side of the Moon to eavesdrop on whispers from the early universe Sarah Collins Fri, 08/14/2026 - 16:00 An international team of scientists, led by the University of Cambridge, will use the dark side of the Moon as a ‘shield’ so that the satellite – called CosmoCube – can block out all the noise from Earth and listen for a faint whisper from the very early universe. This whisper, known as the 21-centimetre line, is a signal emitted by hydrogen atoms in the period between the afterglow of the Big Bang and Cosmic Dawn, when nuclear fusion lit up the first stars. No one has directly observed this era before. Detecting this signal from more than 13.5 billion years ago is extremely difficult with Earth-based telescopes, since the Earth’s ionosphere blocks the right frequencies, and interference from FM radio, satellites and telecommunications drowns it out.However, the Moon provides a natural shield. As CosmoCube orbits the far side of the Moon, it will be shielded from all the noise of Earth for roughly 40 minutes of each two-hour orbit. Over an expected two-year mission, it will build up 1000 hours of data on one of the last unexplored periods of the universe, helping us understand how the universe transitioned from dark and nearly empty to the complexity we see today. The mission has received funding from the UK Space Agency, and the researchers hope CosmoCube can be launched within the next five years. Details are published in the journal Nature Astronomy.In addition to exploring the universe in the period before the first stars, CosmoCube will also explore the role of dark matter – the mysterious force that holds galaxies together. “This emission from hydrogen after the Big Bang, but before the first stars, will hopefully allow us to understand the role of dark matter in the early universe, how it worked to pull together hydrogen into the first stars and galaxies,” said lead author Professor Eloy de Lera Acedo from Cambridge’s Cavendish Laboratory.To study this period, CosmoCube will operate at extremely low frequencies – between 10 and 50 MHz – far outside the range of ground-based telescopes, which is why the Moon will be used as CosmoCube’s ‘fortress of solitude’. “There’s no other place where you can get the sort of shielding you need to detect such a faint signal, while at the same time looking at the whole of space,” said de Lera Acedo, who is also affiliated with the Kavli Institute for Cosmology. “The far side of the Moon is really the only option: it solves multiple problems at once, opening a clear window to the very early universe.”Once in orbit around the Moon, CosmoCube will unfold a long and lightweight radio antenna, sensitive enough to detect the 21-centimetre signal from hydrogen atoms in the early universe when the satellite is on the Moon’s far side. While in lunar orbit, CosmoCube will constantly check and correct its own electronics using a ‘Dicke-switched’ calibrator, which will flip between the sky and several built‑in reference sources. This will help cancel out tiny drifts and noise inside the satellite that could otherwise masquerade as cosmic signals.Once CosmoCube’s data is back on Earth, the team will use advanced Bayesian statistical methods to remove foreground noise — mainly radio emissions from our own galaxy. They will also reconstruct how the antenna responds to different parts of the sky using computer simulations and in-flight measurements, allowing them to subtract any remaining distortions. “Aside from the science, what makes our mission unique is its size: we’re probing the earliest, deepest parts of the dark ages that others don’t reach, but with a compact, relatively low-cost platform,” said de Lera Acedo. However, the far side of the Moon may not stay quiet for long: other missions are being planned by the US, India and other countries to take advantage of the Moon’s silence. CosmoCube features a state-of-the-art fully integrated miniature radiometer, using the latest on analogue and digital technology, the so-called RF-Systems-on-Chip (RFSoCs). The CosmoCube space platform (‘SSTL-21’) is being developed in the UK by Surrey Space Technology Limited (SSTL), which specialises in the manufacturing of small satellites. Instrument development is well underway, with functioning lab prototypes and environmental testing taking place and key collaboration with industry partners. In the UK, academic partners include Portsmouth University and STFC RAL Space, and participation from EU countries such as Malta. The CosmoCube team recently participated in the ESA mini-Fast missions Call for Ideas, targeting a mission cost under 50 million Euros.“CosmoCube is aiming to do some ambitious science from a very small satellite in a challenging environment, and to do that requires some clever design techniques,” said co-author Dr Will Grainger from STFC RAL Space. “We’ve worked with the project partners to develop representative models of the satellite and its payload. These have been tested in our facilities to ensure the thermal performance allows the payload to operate and perform the required sensitive measurements under the different temperature conditions it will experience whilst in orbit around the Moon. In the future, we hope to further develop the full payload in preparation for a full mission.”“This could be a real UK success story: the hardware, the software, the implementation and the technology is all being developed here, and it could help us answer one of the most profound questions in the universe,” said de Lera Acedo. The work was supported in part by the UK Space Agency, the Kavli Foundation, and the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), part of UK Research and Innovation (UKRI). Eloy de Lera Acedo is a Fellow of Selwyn College, Cambridge. Reference:Eloy de lera Acedo et al. ‘The CosmoCube Lunar Mission for Probing the Dark Ages and Cosmic Dawn via 21-cm Cosmology.’ Nature Astronomy (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s41550-026-02946-y Surrey Space Technology Lts Artist's impression of Cosmo Cube Yes

📅 2026-08-14 15:00:00    •    Cambridge News